An introduction to cellular and molecular biology. Topics include: biological macromolecules; membrane stucture and function; cellular structure; bioenergetics and energy flow; respiration and photosynthesis; cell division and the cell cycle; DNA structure and replication; transcription and translation; recombinant DNA and genetic regulation. Prerequisite: Biology 30 and Chemistry 30 Note: BIOL 217 and 218 can be taken in either order.

An introduction to how the diverse organisms on this planet have been affected by their ennvironment and how the current environment is the product of the activities or organisms. The course also examines how evolution has operated over long time periods to produce major groups of organisms and how evolutionary origins are reflected in their classsification. The principles that underlie our understanding of the major lineages will be discussed using examples from bacteria; fungi; protists; animals; and plants. A description of the involvement of organisms in major ecosystem processes leads to an evaluation of the stability of those systems and of human impact on the processes. Prerequisite: Biology 30 Note: BIOL 217 and 218 can be taken in either order

Stoichiometry; ideal gases; atomic structure and bonding; thermochemistry; chemical equilibrium; acids and bases; buffers; titrations. Prerequisite: Chem 30 and Math 30

Titration curves; solubility and complex ion equilibria; entropy and Gibbs energy; chemical kinetics; electrochemistry; bonding and structure. Prerequisite: CHEM 211

An introduction ot the chemistry of carbon compounds. Nomenclature; physical properties; sterochemistry; and reactions of hydro carbons; alcohols; thiols; alkyl halides; ethers and epoxides. Use of organic molecules in industry and biology. Prerequisite: CHEM 30 This course is restricted to pre-pharmacy students or department approval. You will only receive credit for one of Chem 241; Chem 251 and Chem 351

This course is a continuation of CHEM 251 or CHEM 351. Nomenclature; physical properties; stereochemistry; synthesis and reaction of aldehydes; ketones; carboxylic acids and derivatives; carbohydrates; amino acids; proteins and amines. Chemistry of biomolecules. Use of spectroscopic tools. Industrial; environmental and biological implications. Prerequisite: CHEM 251 or CHEM 351

The focus is on formal preparation for university level essay writing and the skills related to critical reading; interpretation; and argument. Prerequisite: ELA 30-1 or English 095 NOTE: Credit will not be granted for both ENGL 219 and ENGL 210.

The course explores a range of literary genres while continuing to focus on deepening the required structural and critical skills related to thinking and writing about literature. Pre-requisite: Engl 219 NOTE: Credit will not be granted for both ENGL 220 and 210.